See dryven in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Transport",
"orig": "enm:Transport",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "drajv",
"word": "драйв"
},
{
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "draibh"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "drajv",
"word": "драйв"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "drive"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "drive"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "dryfe"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "drive"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "dryve"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "dhreeve"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "dhrive"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "dreeve"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "drieve"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "drive"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"drīfan",
"drifan#Old_English"
],
[
"*drīban",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/drīban"
],
[
"*drībaną",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/drībaną"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "ang:drīfan"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*dʰreybʰ-\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*drībaną\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*drīban\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"drīfan\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"dryven\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" }\" data-lang=\"enm\" data-title=\"dryven\">",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "drīfan",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old English drīfan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "drīfan"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old English drīfan",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*drīban"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *drīban",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*drībaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *drībaną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "ang:drīfan"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English drīfan, from Proto-West Germanic *drīban, from Proto-Indo-European *drībaną.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "dryveth",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dryvynge",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "drof",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dryven",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-st",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "1",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "dryven",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to dryven",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "dryve",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "dryve",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drof",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dryvest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dryve",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drove",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dryveth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "drof",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dryve",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "dryve",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "drove",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "dryve",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dryven",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "dryve",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "dryven",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dryve",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "droven",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drove",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dryveth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "dryve",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dryvynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "dryvende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "dryven",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "dryve",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ydryven",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ydryve",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "drive",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "driven",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "dryve",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "dryf",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Late-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "drifenn",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Ormulum"
]
},
{
"form": "drife",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Northern"
]
},
{
"form": "dryfe",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Northern"
]
},
{
"form": "drif",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "driff",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "dryffe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "drywe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "dryvyn",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "dryven",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"3": "drof",
"4": "dryven",
"stem": "dryv"
},
"expansion": "dryven (third-person singular simple present dryveth, present participle dryvynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative drof, past participle dryven)",
"name": "enm-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dryv",
"2": "drof",
"3": "dryv",
"3a": "drov",
"c": "1"
},
"name": "enm-conj-st"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To drive (forcibly move or push in a direction):",
"To control or move (livestock, a plough or a vehicle)"
],
"id": "en-dryven-enm-verb-N8yrJxqT",
"links": [
[
"drive",
"drive"
],
[
"forcibly",
"forcibly#English"
],
[
"move",
"move#English"
],
[
"push",
"push#English"
],
[
"direction",
"direction#English"
],
[
"control",
"control"
],
[
"move",
"move"
],
[
"livestock",
"livestock#English"
],
[
"plough",
"plough#English"
],
[
"vehicle",
"vehicle#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To drive (forcibly move or push in a direction):",
"To control or move (livestock, a plough or a vehicle)"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 32 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 22 22 23 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Hunting",
"orig": "enm:Hunting",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To drive (forcibly move or push in a direction):",
"To hunt; to chase or pursue someone."
],
"id": "en-dryven-enm-verb-mT3YpMKs",
"links": [
[
"drive",
"drive"
],
[
"forcibly",
"forcibly#English"
],
[
"move",
"move#English"
],
[
"push",
"push#English"
],
[
"direction",
"direction#English"
],
[
"hunt",
"hunt"
],
[
"chase",
"chase"
],
[
"pursue",
"pursue"
],
[
"someone",
"someone"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To drive (forcibly move or push in a direction):",
"To hunt; to chase or pursue someone."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "5 5 12 5 6 5 11 5 4 10 10 10 5 7",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Weapons",
"orig": "enm:Weapons",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To drive (forcibly move or push in a direction):",
"To thrust or strike (a missile or sword)"
],
"id": "en-dryven-enm-verb-NxqpXYkD",
"links": [
[
"drive",
"drive"
],
[
"forcibly",
"forcibly#English"
],
[
"move",
"move#English"
],
[
"push",
"push#English"
],
[
"direction",
"direction#English"
],
[
"thrust",
"thrust"
],
[
"strike",
"strike"
],
[
"missile",
"missile#English"
],
[
"sword",
"sword#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To drive (forcibly move or push in a direction):",
"To thrust or strike (a missile or sword)"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Weather",
"orig": "enm:Weather",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Weather",
"orig": "enm:Weather",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To drive (forcibly move or push in a direction):",
"To propel or blow."
],
"id": "en-dryven-enm-verb-yjquLkGp",
"links": [
[
"drive",
"drive"
],
[
"forcibly",
"forcibly#English"
],
[
"move",
"move#English"
],
[
"push",
"push#English"
],
[
"direction",
"direction#English"
],
[
"propel",
"propel"
],
[
"blow",
"blow"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To drive (forcibly move or push in a direction):",
"(of weather) To propel or blow."
],
"raw_tags": [
"of weather"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To drive (forcibly move or push in a direction):",
"To force or expel; to drive out."
],
"id": "en-dryven-enm-verb-OMVn5QSF",
"links": [
[
"drive",
"drive"
],
[
"forcibly",
"forcibly#English"
],
[
"move",
"move#English"
],
[
"push",
"push#English"
],
[
"direction",
"direction#English"
],
[
"force",
"force"
],
[
"expel",
"expel"
],
[
"drive out",
"drive out"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To drive (forcibly move or push in a direction):",
"(figurative) To force or expel; to drive out."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "5 5 5 5 5 46 1 4 2 6 2 3 3 9",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Nautical",
"orig": "enm:Nautical",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To charge or rush; to move rapidly:",
"To sail; to travel by sea."
],
"id": "en-dryven-enm-verb-Aky-ye8V",
"links": [
[
"charge",
"charge"
],
[
"rush",
"rush"
],
[
"move",
"move"
],
[
"rapidly",
"rapidly"
],
[
"sail",
"sail"
],
[
"travel",
"travel"
],
[
"sea",
"sea"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To charge or rush; to move rapidly:",
"To sail; to travel by sea."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "5 5 12 5 6 5 11 5 4 10 10 10 5 7",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Weapons",
"orig": "enm:Weapons",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To charge or rush; to move rapidly:",
"To hit, land, or strike (of a missile or sword)"
],
"id": "en-dryven-enm-verb-r5YFw7rD",
"links": [
[
"charge",
"charge"
],
[
"rush",
"rush"
],
[
"move",
"move"
],
[
"rapidly",
"rapidly"
],
[
"hit",
"hit"
],
[
"land",
"land"
],
[
"strike",
"strike"
],
[
"missile",
"missile#English"
],
[
"sword",
"sword#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To charge or rush; to move rapidly:",
"To hit, land, or strike (of a missile or sword)"
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "6 6 6 6 7 5 5 9 5 10 10 10 6 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To compel or induce; to create compulsion:",
"To subject, impose, or afflict (especially contempt or scorn)"
],
"id": "en-dryven-enm-verb-DsYKR7bH",
"links": [
[
"compel",
"compel"
],
[
"induce",
"induce"
],
[
"create",
"create"
],
[
"compulsion",
"compulsion"
],
[
"subject",
"subject"
],
[
"impose",
"impose"
],
[
"afflict",
"afflict"
],
[
"contempt",
"contempt#English"
],
[
"scorn",
"scorn#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To compel or induce; to create compulsion:",
"To subject, impose, or afflict (especially contempt or scorn)"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To compel or induce; to create compulsion:",
"To aim or intend; to have as a goal."
],
"id": "en-dryven-enm-verb-SN23v6z0",
"links": [
[
"compel",
"compel"
],
[
"induce",
"induce"
],
[
"create",
"create"
],
[
"compulsion",
"compulsion"
],
[
"aim",
"aim"
],
[
"intend",
"intend"
],
[
"have",
"have"
],
[
"goal",
"goal"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To compel or induce; to create compulsion:",
"(intransitive, rare) To aim or intend; to have as a goal."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"rare",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "6 6 6 6 7 5 5 9 5 10 10 10 6 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 9 6 6 6 4 5 8 5 11 11 11 6 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 6 6 6 7 4 5 6 5 12 12 12 5 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 7 7 7 7 5 5 7 5 10 10 10 6 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 5 5 5 6 4 4 6 4 14 14 14 5 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 5 5 5 5 4 4 5 4 17 17 17 4 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To carry out; to engage or perform:",
"To form or manufacture (especially by forcing together)."
],
"id": "en-dryven-enm-verb-0qNV6yui",
"links": [
[
"carry out",
"carry out"
],
[
"engage",
"engage"
],
[
"perform",
"perform"
],
[
"form",
"form"
],
[
"manufacture",
"manufacture"
],
[
"forcing",
"force#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To carry out; to engage or perform:",
"To form or manufacture (especially by forcing together)."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "6 6 6 6 7 5 5 9 5 10 10 10 6 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 9 6 6 6 4 5 8 5 11 11 11 6 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 6 6 6 7 4 5 6 5 12 12 12 5 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 7 7 7 7 5 5 7 5 10 10 10 6 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 5 5 5 6 4 4 6 4 14 14 14 5 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 5 5 5 5 4 4 5 4 17 17 17 4 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To carry out; to engage or perform:",
"To deduce or derive (a result or conclusion)"
],
"id": "en-dryven-enm-verb-MWR5z6nY",
"links": [
[
"carry out",
"carry out"
],
[
"engage",
"engage"
],
[
"perform",
"perform"
],
[
"deduce",
"deduce"
],
[
"derive",
"derive"
],
[
"result",
"result#English"
],
[
"conclusion",
"conclusion#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To carry out; to engage or perform:",
"To deduce or derive (a result or conclusion)"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "6 6 6 6 7 5 5 9 5 10 10 10 6 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 9 6 6 6 4 5 8 5 11 11 11 6 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 6 6 6 7 4 5 6 5 12 12 12 5 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 7 7 7 7 5 5 7 5 10 10 10 6 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 5 5 5 6 4 4 6 4 14 14 14 5 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 5 5 5 5 4 4 5 4 17 17 17 4 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To carry out; to engage or perform:",
"To employ or utilise."
],
"id": "en-dryven-enm-verb-YHJVXRRc",
"links": [
[
"carry out",
"carry out"
],
[
"engage",
"engage"
],
[
"perform",
"perform"
],
[
"employ",
"employ"
],
[
"utilise",
"utilise"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To carry out; to engage or perform:",
"(rare) To employ or utilise."
],
"tags": [
"rare",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Time",
"orig": "enm:Time",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To undergo or experience (especially time)"
],
"id": "en-dryven-enm-verb-dd7TTtQd",
"links": [
[
"undergo",
"undergo"
],
[
"experience",
"experience"
],
[
"time",
"time#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To undergo or experience (especially time)"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To delay or postpone; to put off."
],
"id": "en-dryven-enm-verb-C9Gwwu1X",
"links": [
[
"delay",
"delay"
],
[
"postpone",
"postpone"
],
[
"put off",
"put off"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, rare) To delay or postpone; to put off."
],
"tags": [
"rare",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈdriːvən/"
}
],
"word": "dryven"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English class 1 strong verbs",
"Middle English entries with etymon",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰreybʰ-",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English verbs",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon",
"enm:Hunting",
"enm:Nautical",
"enm:Time",
"enm:Transport",
"enm:Weapons",
"enm:Weather"
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "drajv",
"word": "драйв"
},
{
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "draibh"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "drajv",
"word": "драйв"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "drive"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "drive"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "dryfe"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "drive"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "dryve"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "dhreeve"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "dhrive"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "dreeve"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "drieve"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "drive"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"drīfan",
"drifan#Old_English"
],
[
"*drīban",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/drīban"
],
[
"*drībaną",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/drībaną"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "ang:drīfan"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*dʰreybʰ-\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*drībaną\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*drīban\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"drīfan\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"dryven\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" }\" data-lang=\"enm\" data-title=\"dryven\">",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "drīfan",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old English drīfan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "drīfan"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old English drīfan",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*drīban"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *drīban",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*drībaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *drībaną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "ang:drīfan"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English drīfan, from Proto-West Germanic *drīban, from Proto-Indo-European *drībaną.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "dryveth",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dryvynge",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "drof",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dryven",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-st",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "1",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "dryven",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to dryven",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "dryve",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "dryve",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drof",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dryvest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dryve",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drove",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dryveth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "drof",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dryve",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "dryve",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "drove",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "dryve",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dryven",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "dryve",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "dryven",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dryve",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "droven",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drove",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dryveth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "dryve",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dryvynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "dryvende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "dryven",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "dryve",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ydryven",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ydryve",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "drive",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "driven",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "dryve",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "dryf",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Late-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "drifenn",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Ormulum"
]
},
{
"form": "drife",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Northern"
]
},
{
"form": "dryfe",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Northern"
]
},
{
"form": "drif",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "driff",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "dryffe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "drywe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "dryvyn",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "dryven",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"3": "drof",
"4": "dryven",
"stem": "dryv"
},
"expansion": "dryven (third-person singular simple present dryveth, present participle dryvynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative drof, past participle dryven)",
"name": "enm-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dryv",
"2": "drof",
"3": "dryv",
"3a": "drov",
"c": "1"
},
"name": "enm-conj-st"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Middle English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To drive (forcibly move or push in a direction):",
"To control or move (livestock, a plough or a vehicle)"
],
"links": [
[
"drive",
"drive"
],
[
"forcibly",
"forcibly#English"
],
[
"move",
"move#English"
],
[
"push",
"push#English"
],
[
"direction",
"direction#English"
],
[
"control",
"control"
],
[
"move",
"move"
],
[
"livestock",
"livestock#English"
],
[
"plough",
"plough#English"
],
[
"vehicle",
"vehicle#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To drive (forcibly move or push in a direction):",
"To control or move (livestock, a plough or a vehicle)"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To drive (forcibly move or push in a direction):",
"To hunt; to chase or pursue someone."
],
"links": [
[
"drive",
"drive"
],
[
"forcibly",
"forcibly#English"
],
[
"move",
"move#English"
],
[
"push",
"push#English"
],
[
"direction",
"direction#English"
],
[
"hunt",
"hunt"
],
[
"chase",
"chase"
],
[
"pursue",
"pursue"
],
[
"someone",
"someone"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To drive (forcibly move or push in a direction):",
"To hunt; to chase or pursue someone."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To drive (forcibly move or push in a direction):",
"To thrust or strike (a missile or sword)"
],
"links": [
[
"drive",
"drive"
],
[
"forcibly",
"forcibly#English"
],
[
"move",
"move#English"
],
[
"push",
"push#English"
],
[
"direction",
"direction#English"
],
[
"thrust",
"thrust"
],
[
"strike",
"strike"
],
[
"missile",
"missile#English"
],
[
"sword",
"sword#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To drive (forcibly move or push in a direction):",
"To thrust or strike (a missile or sword)"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English transitive verbs",
"enm:Weather"
],
"glosses": [
"To drive (forcibly move or push in a direction):",
"To propel or blow."
],
"links": [
[
"drive",
"drive"
],
[
"forcibly",
"forcibly#English"
],
[
"move",
"move#English"
],
[
"push",
"push#English"
],
[
"direction",
"direction#English"
],
[
"propel",
"propel"
],
[
"blow",
"blow"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To drive (forcibly move or push in a direction):",
"(of weather) To propel or blow."
],
"raw_tags": [
"of weather"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To drive (forcibly move or push in a direction):",
"To force or expel; to drive out."
],
"links": [
[
"drive",
"drive"
],
[
"forcibly",
"forcibly#English"
],
[
"move",
"move#English"
],
[
"push",
"push#English"
],
[
"direction",
"direction#English"
],
[
"force",
"force"
],
[
"expel",
"expel"
],
[
"drive out",
"drive out"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To drive (forcibly move or push in a direction):",
"(figurative) To force or expel; to drive out."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English intransitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To charge or rush; to move rapidly:",
"To sail; to travel by sea."
],
"links": [
[
"charge",
"charge"
],
[
"rush",
"rush"
],
[
"move",
"move"
],
[
"rapidly",
"rapidly"
],
[
"sail",
"sail"
],
[
"travel",
"travel"
],
[
"sea",
"sea"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To charge or rush; to move rapidly:",
"To sail; to travel by sea."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English intransitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To charge or rush; to move rapidly:",
"To hit, land, or strike (of a missile or sword)"
],
"links": [
[
"charge",
"charge"
],
[
"rush",
"rush"
],
[
"move",
"move"
],
[
"rapidly",
"rapidly"
],
[
"hit",
"hit"
],
[
"land",
"land"
],
[
"strike",
"strike"
],
[
"missile",
"missile#English"
],
[
"sword",
"sword#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To charge or rush; to move rapidly:",
"To hit, land, or strike (of a missile or sword)"
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To compel or induce; to create compulsion:",
"To subject, impose, or afflict (especially contempt or scorn)"
],
"links": [
[
"compel",
"compel"
],
[
"induce",
"induce"
],
[
"create",
"create"
],
[
"compulsion",
"compulsion"
],
[
"subject",
"subject"
],
[
"impose",
"impose"
],
[
"afflict",
"afflict"
],
[
"contempt",
"contempt#English"
],
[
"scorn",
"scorn#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To compel or induce; to create compulsion:",
"To subject, impose, or afflict (especially contempt or scorn)"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English intransitive verbs",
"Middle English terms with rare senses",
"Middle English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To compel or induce; to create compulsion:",
"To aim or intend; to have as a goal."
],
"links": [
[
"compel",
"compel"
],
[
"induce",
"induce"
],
[
"create",
"create"
],
[
"compulsion",
"compulsion"
],
[
"aim",
"aim"
],
[
"intend",
"intend"
],
[
"have",
"have"
],
[
"goal",
"goal"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To compel or induce; to create compulsion:",
"(intransitive, rare) To aim or intend; to have as a goal."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"rare",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To carry out; to engage or perform:",
"To form or manufacture (especially by forcing together)."
],
"links": [
[
"carry out",
"carry out"
],
[
"engage",
"engage"
],
[
"perform",
"perform"
],
[
"form",
"form"
],
[
"manufacture",
"manufacture"
],
[
"forcing",
"force#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To carry out; to engage or perform:",
"To form or manufacture (especially by forcing together)."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To carry out; to engage or perform:",
"To deduce or derive (a result or conclusion)"
],
"links": [
[
"carry out",
"carry out"
],
[
"engage",
"engage"
],
[
"perform",
"perform"
],
[
"deduce",
"deduce"
],
[
"derive",
"derive"
],
[
"result",
"result#English"
],
[
"conclusion",
"conclusion#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To carry out; to engage or perform:",
"To deduce or derive (a result or conclusion)"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses",
"Middle English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To carry out; to engage or perform:",
"To employ or utilise."
],
"links": [
[
"carry out",
"carry out"
],
[
"engage",
"engage"
],
[
"perform",
"perform"
],
[
"employ",
"employ"
],
[
"utilise",
"utilise"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To carry out; to engage or perform:",
"(rare) To employ or utilise."
],
"tags": [
"rare",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To undergo or experience (especially time)"
],
"links": [
[
"undergo",
"undergo"
],
[
"experience",
"experience"
],
[
"time",
"time#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To undergo or experience (especially time)"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses",
"Middle English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To delay or postpone; to put off."
],
"links": [
[
"delay",
"delay"
],
[
"postpone",
"postpone"
],
[
"put off",
"put off"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, rare) To delay or postpone; to put off."
],
"tags": [
"rare",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈdriːvən/"
}
],
"word": "dryven"
}
Download raw JSONL data for dryven meaning in Middle English (14.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-10-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-10-01 using wiktextract (c1bb342 and 6f96ddf). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.